James Smallcombe: And then I'm going to say, Please, Amanda.
James Smallcombe: Can yes away and tell us about your work.
Okay.
Manuela Cavallaro: So thank you, Jane. So thank you to all of you to be here and thank you for organizing this very nice.
Manuela Cavallaro: Idea of these webinars in is so strange. And so difficult period of our life. So hope all of you are fine. But anyway, it's good to stay together so
Manuela Cavallaro: The title of my talk is a nuclear reactions for neutrino. Let's double beta decay and I will give you some ideas and some information about our projects have nuclear physics because he's a nuclear physics project using the tools of nuclear physics but also with a vacation on
Manuela Cavallaro: A fundamental field of physics, which is a Neutrino Physics and, in particular, and your team will be 10 K
Manuela Cavallaro: So these are job. It's part of our collaboration, which is a name at Newman of Newman stands for nuclear markets elements for neutrino SWAT K
Manuela Cavallaro: And this is the collaboration we are quite too large to collaboration for the nuclear physics community hundred the research or 40 institution 15 countries.
Manuela Cavallaro: And I wish to thank also all the collaborators for their job. So this is the brief outline of my talk on how we start introducing the idea of phenomena.
Manuela Cavallaro: Then I will give you some day long, the challenges of a study a nuclear particular kind of nuclear reactions which are the actions so double charge exchanger.
Manuela Cavallaro: And with a mother told you at the beginning to haul struct information which are which are important for neutrino. So that will be dedicated and Neutrino Physics.
Manuela Cavallaro: And that is challenging more from the experimental side to stay in this kind of a very rail processor and I will talk to exchange reaction. So, but also from the point of view of the
Manuela Cavallaro: interpretation of the results is also from the theoretical point of view, then I will show some first and preliminary results that we have
Manuela Cavallaro: On system so interest over nutrients double beta decay. And finally, I mean we I will show. I will say something about our project of upgrade of the infrastructure. So by an offender lioness laboratory in Italy, Tanya.
Manuela Cavallaro: Which has which is triggered by the physics case of no madness of this project and to work with the more intense accelerated beaten so I will say some more about these
Manuela Cavallaro: So one of the open problem in modern physics. And nowadays is the determination of the neutrino absolute must stay and also be the neutrino nature. So, if it is true as predicted by it tomorrow 930 so that the neutrino is its own on paper articles, so it's
Manuela Cavallaro: A binary and neutral SWAT case, consider the most promising approach in this direction. So, what is the new channel is double victory gay either an ISO body can look left transition where
Manuela Cavallaro: apart into new to spontaneously decades into Dr no closer changing by two units is charged as you see here and living the mass number of changes and
Manuela Cavallaro: Context. So limiting the two electrons or positron sees the prophecies in the opposite direction and then 22 anti-neutrinos or new Kindle. So, so this process is mediated by weekend direction.
Manuela Cavallaro: End up certain mobile and even even nuclei, where this single beta decay is energetically for be done. So for example, if you see here, the typical a
Manuela Cavallaro: Typical lot of them are success as a function of dead before the equal 76 or something. You can see that the transition. Then he came from the manual 76 or 7076 is energetic it for be then the white that double VT K to selling 76 either energetically a lower the sunken happen.
Manuela Cavallaro: And the knocking on this little bit any case predicted to happen. Since two modes. One is the so called the two neutrino double beta decay, which is a second law that beta decay, where, where you have
Manuela Cavallaro: Practically to the
Manuela Cavallaro: Nucleus where you have to beat the game with any sort of two electrons into anti-neutrinos have to positrons, and to neutrino, sir.
Manuela Cavallaro: And this was predicted the 1935 35 by the great Maria, get the Maya. So the same lady of the shell model.
Manuela Cavallaro: And this process as it all these are standard process which which is the readings standard model. And that's been observed with up to now in those are non reply since 19 8087 we
Manuela Cavallaro: Became half life of the author of tied to the 19 to 10 to the 21 years so rate process up measurable measurable.
Manuela Cavallaro: Yeah, the processor. The other mobile days, the so called lead the new teen or less double beat Annika mo in this case.
Manuela Cavallaro: This was predicted by a fury 1939 following and I bought this is all right. What am I, Your Honor. And this process. And this process where you don't have a neutrino Soren pitino seen them out to turn Allah
Manuela Cavallaro: Is not reading the standard model is beyond standard model, it will generate a violation of the lecture number conservation and also it does it's observational data fundamental implications for Neutrino Physics giving
Manuela Cavallaro: Access to an empty nor the effective neutrino mouse but also for theories youngson that model for cosmology, it, it will be the for example an explanation of what the balance of matter on the matter in the universe.
Manuela Cavallaro: So the fundamental indication of new to this web dedicated servers are the motivation or four is very strong and activity field of research.
Manuela Cavallaro: Looking for the experimental evidence of this process of Newton, or is that will be dedicated so the search for neutrino sob Danica is a worldwide race or in
Manuela Cavallaro: With a lot of experimental here there is a least not complete to about any way that gives you an idea on how many experiment in different
Manuela Cavallaro: Laboratories all around the world. The studying the different systems. So these different eyes autopsy and trying to measure to find these process so
Manuela Cavallaro: Even if they never they never succeed, up to now, anyway, then the quantity that this kind of experiment that typically they are in underground, the laboratories and the point of view that the name wishing to measure is the decay half life.
Manuela Cavallaro: Be the Nikkei that as you can see here is connected to this term here which contains the other agent enormous opinion. So the relation where this term here is the face face factorial
Manuela Cavallaro: In expressing the motion of the two electrons limited. So quite a timer, which is quite under control. While this term here is the nuclear market sentiment.
Manuela Cavallaro: Now as you can see here, it has a meaning of the meaning of a transition probability of a nuclear process. So, where you have the initial in the final a nuclear waste functions you have
Manuela Cavallaro: Nuclear we function. This is the operator for neutrino. So that will be dedicated and as you can see here
Manuela Cavallaro: Is the key. The role play at the by nuclear physics assigned at our meeting that determination of nuclear metrics element that and also in connection with naughtiness double beta decay.
Manuela Cavallaro: Because even if you the experiments that are on the Underground laboratories are able to measure this quantity
Manuela Cavallaro: To get access to this term we're here, the standard model. You need to know nuclear medics element that with the good accuracy. So you need to know a time coming from a nuclear physics.
Manuela Cavallaro: Now, unfortunately, the presently the determination of these nuclear markets element is done by calculation. So by state.
Manuela Cavallaro: Of the art. The nuclear structural calculations of different kinda creation model IBM also be nice show and so on.
Manuela Cavallaro: But the toolkit and see, as you can see here in this plot about that are out in this case there are many of these
Manuela Cavallaro: Are affected the buyer quite large. And certainly, for example. Here you can see the different colors represent the result. The result. So different calculations.
Manuela Cavallaro: And you have difference of the order or factor of two or three, which is a very big uncertainty for the nuclear automatics element and then under with the square here. So, in this context, and our idea, our new approach.
Manuela Cavallaro: Is is is copying, say, a new experimental tool to use nuclear reactions in the body good novel charge exchange reaction.
Manuela Cavallaro: To simulate in the laboratory, the same nuclear transition occurring and LTE knowledge level between the gay. So for example, the transition from the 1976 76
Manuela Cavallaro: can in principle happened in nature minute enormous who dedicate but also you can simulate the eats in the laboratory using a double charged exchanger.
Manuela Cavallaro: What is a double check Diction. Diction is a processing us at the body projectile in Target were to protons are
Manuela Cavallaro: Of the target or two new terms of the targets are converted into cancer or cancer leaving that they must number and change it.
Manuela Cavallaro: And then the opposite the transition happening in the project died. So yeah, I just been representation. This means that you have a you probe the double lives, direct, direct citation.
Manuela Cavallaro: Sought out laughs about plus or minus minus operators some so in the past that these reactions have been
Manuela Cavallaro: Using the two populations populate exotic can die from stable target and projectile and also they are being used to
Manuela Cavallaro: Study, they are and use it to start the response of nuclei to die die by ISIS been operator, for example in Japan. That is a project a campaign to to search for the double gamma Taylor resonance easy okay are using novel traffic exchange reactions. In our case, we started to
Manuela Cavallaro: Form a possible connection with second or third week processes. So nuclear let's double beta decay and that will charge extend to the actual are any way to different processes.
Manuela Cavallaro: And there are a lot of defense. For example, in one case double terms exchange reactions are mediated by strongly direction a nucleus novel beta decay by weekend direction.
Manuela Cavallaro: In one case, you have the decay dynamics in the other case you have the reaction dynamics double charge exchange includes a sequential transfer mechanism, which is not present in the decay.
Manuela Cavallaro: In the double charge exchange in case you have a project Thailand target contribution that nuclear matic sentiment that this is not true.
Manuela Cavallaro: Of course, in the case of the overall details on Tanya's decay. But nevertheless, they have a number of similarities that make nice analogy, very, very strong.
Manuela Cavallaro: In both cases, as I mentioned at the beginning that they have the same initial and final state. So you start
Manuela Cavallaro: From the pattern to stake in Newton or less double beta decay or target to stay in double subjects, change the actions which are the same and you arrived to the receivable nuclear nuclear
Manuela Cavallaro: Daughter local singer in the Nikkei which is the receiver nuclear with reducing the double shot exchange so
Manuela Cavallaro: They had the same initial in final state the operators. So connecting these states these wave function are different, but they have a similar structure and what's gazer
Manuela Cavallaro: They have the short range fed me gm of tender run two types of components.
Manuela Cavallaro: Which are which are different way when they, when they even the different case. But in the cases, but with two number law.
Manuela Cavallaro: Awaiting the case of double charged exchange reaction for changing the incident energies and making a medical condition. So you can, in some cases, play with the weight and tune and the way to the to the other, the different contributions.
Manuela Cavallaro: In both cases, you have a larger linear momentum of do that 180 which is available in the near term intermediate channel, which is
Manuela Cavallaro: A common aspect of the neutrino. Let's double beta decay and the nominal charge exchange reactions.
Manuela Cavallaro: Both of them are no local processes. So characterized by to their disease localize it didn't appear of nuclear weapons.
Manuela Cavallaro: They happen in the same nuclear medium for the nucleus and also share propagation through via to intermediate channels. So, and
Manuela Cavallaro: Presence is present in mob skis. And so what these the, the goal of of these that are effective program.
Manuela Cavallaro: Is to extract that sort of major cross section of the nuclear reactions. This is what we measure. So nuclear cross section and then I was struck the four major and cross section of
Manuela Cavallaro: The three been information on nuclear matrix element for all the systems which are counted it for naughtiness web that okay
Manuela Cavallaro: So to help the calculations and the theory, which is calculating nuclear matrix elements, up to now, this is the main goal of the project, but there are some number of
Manuela Cavallaro: Other like sides goals like the possibility to constrain the existing theory or nuclear metrics element.
Manuela Cavallaro: Because as I mentioned at the nuclear wave functions involved with the reaction novelty of different directions and new technologies that will beta decay are the same.
Manuela Cavallaro: To give the model independent the competitive information on the sensitivity of the different half life experiment. So even if we can have
Manuela Cavallaro: An edge over and uncertainty on the extract the nuclear magnetic element about to
Manuela Cavallaro: Probably we can save some single comparing the different eyes of ops, which are candidates for naughtiness level beta decay and saying, What is the best candidate. The best isotope so
Manuela Cavallaro: Where they don't clear metrics element are expected to be larger compared to the other. And this can help the experimenter on
Manuela Cavallaro: The ground and I bought recently half life experiment because they can concentrate on the selected isotopes.
Manuela Cavallaro: And also, last but not least, for our community a complete study of the reaction mechanism, which is not so known about the double charged exchange it yet.
Manuela Cavallaro: So this is due to the fact that, as I will show you the cross sections involved with are very low. And in the past, they weren't
Manuela Cavallaro: Was not possible to study with with accuracy, this kind of reaction of cross sections. So this project that either within the human collaboration, as I mentioned, in the end, it has been also funded by the year seen by a certain ground.
Manuela Cavallaro: Where I'm the principal investigator, which is that part of the phase two of the moment project.
Manuela Cavallaro: A project is divided into four phases. So first phases. So in the first phase is we started the specimen the feasibility of these experimental which was not
Manuela Cavallaro: At all. No. And now we are going to conclude the face to with the study a few cases.
Manuela Cavallaro: Of interested in the present experimental conditions, but also the development of the theory and also airing the activity on detector. So in order to go through the phase three, which is coming in the few next few weeks of practically
Manuela Cavallaro: Where we will have a shutdown novel The machines to decelerate or say in our London in order to go to an upgrade of the LNS facilities to work with the higher be mean density to order of magnitude more
Manuela Cavallaro: Be more intense be month and then go to the face for and with these upgraded the facilities to study very local section processes. So, we will be able to do a systematic study of all the target for all the systems which are candidates for neutrino. So that will be okay.
Manuela Cavallaro: So then this kind of experiment or what are we doing then what we did in the in the past few years, and we are continuing to to study that.
Manuela Cavallaro: Transition the transition some interest. So for new to double beta decay and the particular unlimited number of target in the phase two and then a systematic exploration for all the data that interface for
Manuela Cavallaro: We have starting in two directions Shona a all the transitions and this is an interesting
Manuela Cavallaro: One but job using reaction reaction. So you can perform the action in this direction, for example, which is the bigger minus become ions reactions and and in our case using the neon 20 oxygen 20
Manuela Cavallaro: Novel charge exchange reactions or beta plus B plus that actually using oxygen at neon 18 reaction. And also we
Manuela Cavallaro: We study all the complete nectar of reaction which can contribute to to the double charged exchange across section. So this is another aspect, which is a
Manuela Cavallaro: Characteristic of our projects are not only studied and double charged exchange for the diagonal process, but also they see all the different route which means one proton to transfer one neutral. Neutral transfer singles or exchange elastic scattering
Manuela Cavallaro: Enough to have a clear constraint of the nuclear reaction mode. And finally, also also to study up different incidents and this is also important to study action.
Manuela Cavallaro: So the experiment that we have performing and I will show you the results have been done have been performing high enough and laboratory
Manuela Cavallaro: Laboratory not assuming Katana in Italy and using the decade hundred superconducting sidelong psychodrama, here is a picture and then my next Magnetic Spectrometer which is a
Manuela Cavallaro: Fundamental tool for this kind of study and just few words about Martin. Excellent. So, which is love just seconds and magnetic spectrum. He got his main characteristic is allowed to acceptance boxing angle.
Manuela Cavallaro: 15 years that audience and also the moment to move minus 14 plus 10% the momentum, a second so so these make these instruments, very important and crucial.
Manuela Cavallaro: To love to explore rage process cross section characterized by law in reaction characterized by local section and despite these larger sections we are able to measure with right high
Manuela Cavallaro: Resolution in energy angle and then mass separation, which allows us to do also spectroscopic studies. So to see higher resolution spectra anomalous distributions, as I will show you
Manuela Cavallaro: Also another characteristics of these kind of experiment is the possibility, which is the advantage of using
Manuela Cavallaro: Magnetic Spectrometer is to perform the measurement of zero degree. In this case, what we do is to set up the magnetic field of the quadruple a knife on norm, the Magnetic Spectrometer of my next enough that they bima
Manuela Cavallaro: Reach region close to the focal plane detected in the sensitive region of difficult and detector and is measured by a father have a car.
Manuela Cavallaro: In the two different decades of experiment and we have to follow the camp one located here in one located here and not with the same middle we are with the same magnetic rigidity, we are able to measure the reaction product to have difficulty in zero degree. And this is a
Manuela Cavallaro: big advantage to perform these measurements zero degree moreover technique mean
Manuela Cavallaro: Amanda job the larger set dancing angle Law of Demand expect to meter. We are also able to measure in a quite wide angle arranged in a unique angle of setting, which is also very important for our
Manuela Cavallaro: Goals and the other characteristics of this kind of experimental measurement is the practical identification. We are talking about a medium heat, heavy
Manuela Cavallaro: Induce and the reaction. So, oxygen and, you know, these are the the outcomes that we have to detective and this is the way down at a particular identification in Zed, and in a mouth, sir. Thanks to the properties of the magnetic spectrometry a
Manuela Cavallaro: Particular of the higher resolution of them, I expect from me during this is an example on how we perform the article identification.
Manuela Cavallaro: And these are the results that we updated in the first experimental what we call it the pilot experiment in 2015
Manuela Cavallaro: We measured the official experiment that transition the transition calcium 42 arm for tea. In this case, custom form is not the nucleus, which is candidate for nutrient level beta decay. But for us, it was
Manuela Cavallaro: Important enough to check this element of feasibility of this kind of a statement for the first time.
Manuela Cavallaro: And as you can see here, see here this is the spec to mine absolute cross section that we updated the
Manuela Cavallaro: When they transition ground, the ground state to ground sector, which is these are, this is a zoom and view is what separated by the transition to the other excited state. And then to the cookie noon and also we were able to measure the
Manuela Cavallaro: The angle of distribution, including the zero degree. So, these
Manuela Cavallaro: These demonstrated this element of visibility of this kind of measurement of the limitations of the pastor
Manuela Cavallaro: Double charge exchanges payments are common. And also we perform at the fascist analysis to a structure nuclear metrics element in our proximate and the setup in this paper and now recently and fatter theoretical development being published in India as our paper here.
Manuela Cavallaro: So as I mentioned in the challenges are not only from the experiment of cider to perform such kind of experiment to separate the with high resolution ground set to ground that transition
Manuela Cavallaro: To measure such low cross sections are so small cross sections, but also for the in the in the interpretation of the data.
Manuela Cavallaro: Their head. Yeah, you didn't use a double charged exchange directions in principle can proceed in different way.
Manuela Cavallaro: One is the sequential moved in your transfer mechanism. So this means to proper plus to transfer all one. You don't want them when you turn on broad on insulin and different combination of seeing of moving from transfer
Manuela Cavallaro: Going from the initial state to the finals. This process, the sequential process is defined by I mean feel dynamics.
Manuela Cavallaro: And its contribution can be tonight. Mike in a medical condition. So, these are my reactions we can do by choosing the veins and energy, the angle lens or
Manuela Cavallaro: Another processor and more conditional processes that to spec a double charged exchange reaction. So this means two times a single charge exchange.
Manuela Cavallaro: Two consecutive single subjects changing processes and also this is another process that contribute to the financial section.
Manuela Cavallaro: Finally, we expect to have a director once that double charged exchange of office. I like shown here is a single arrow in this case.
Manuela Cavallaro: This is rely on short range nuclear nuclear correlation. So any
Manuela Cavallaro: Leads to the correlated exchange of charging Mason's between the project island target. So this diet process. So he's expected to be the more similar to what is happening in the neutrino less double click and
Manuela Cavallaro: Of course, the cross section that is a combination in principle of the three different kinds of the actual mechanism, they got to being a direct one step process. So, which is also called and my Iran process. So as you can see
Manuela Cavallaro: Here in this paper, show me here. It has been studied the diagram matic structure of these are direct the double charged exchange process sing Kumbaya the summer, we know what happened, you know, to assemble big advocate.
Manuela Cavallaro: And this here in the life. You can see the elementary we can direction process mediating nutrient is double beta decay. And you can see that
Manuela Cavallaro: As it is a special class of two body correlation. When you have the initial more of a via to Allah week golf.
Manuela Cavallaro: Balls, or no, then the exchange over my urine and, you know, between then clones, and then the me show up the electrons. But what happened in the director, they might
Manuela Cavallaro: Double charged exchanger phenomenal in some sense it happen, it could happen, something similar.
Manuela Cavallaro: Also, in this case, you have to body correlation. In this case, you have a Danish so mobile via cuckoo bar pay and then the exchange over the toilet neutral charge a neutral.
Manuela Cavallaro: Cuckoo about beta 500 sigma and then admission overcharging the cuckoo pay. So in this case, this this phenomenon here that emptiness double beta decay cannot
Manuela Cavallaro: A cooling principle in an isolated the nucleus. So, the situation is different. In the case of a
Manuela Cavallaro: Double charge exchange in this case it is inhibited by energy conservation my end requires sorry extra partners to take care of individuality of the process. So by absorbing the to charge of the
Manuela Cavallaro: Message. So you need to our reaction partners are projectile target. So these are different about any way that they are dramatic structure can be considered Sydney data.
Manuela Cavallaro: And under these hypotheses first set of calculations are being done by hoffs landscape and also showing these newspaper and where and their contribution of the two. The two part two. The two
Manuela Cavallaro: Probably process is not can contribute to the to the double charge exchange mechanisms of them are. Your Honor, which is there at the end, a single the double seeing. So the two step.
Manuela Cavallaro: Number subjects change reaction. I'm being calculated and compared to our experimental data.
Manuela Cavallaro: Of course, these are very preliminary results to were also scaling factor was needed the with the number of approximation. But the interesting aspect during graduation results.
Manuela Cavallaro: Is that it seems that the two contribution have different shapes and especially a small angle you can expect to the doctor contribution.
Manuela Cavallaro: Their diet. The novel subject change them around a process cities contributing more is dominant competitor to the outer so you can stay in the situation and experimental situation.
Manuela Cavallaro: You can explore this element of situation where did you run across a season long. And of course these are very preliminary data.
Manuela Cavallaro: In the meanwhile, as I mentioned, we are performing our experimental activity of face to performing number of experimental run now using the different
Manuela Cavallaro: Target residual see stem cells, which are all of them are candidates for Newton or so beta decay. So we explored and they kept
Manuela Cavallaro: In cages remind you, and saying okay the loom vino that case it down in calcium. Okay. And as you can see here about all of these are all every time we're spot at not only the double charge exchanges, but also all the other
Manuela Cavallaro: Moving from transfer a single charge exchange elastic and elastic transfer and contribution.
Manuela Cavallaro: And measure their cross section in order to have a complete experimental constrain the for the comprehension for them understanding of the actual mechanism of
Manuela Cavallaro: Our show, you know, some results so that we already had this is a on the elastic and the elastic skating. This or
Manuela Cavallaro: That we measure every time, mon. This is in decades of German 76 target.
Manuela Cavallaro: In this case, this is important to study elastic and elastic turnover, because the distortion of the incoming and upcoming waves you to nucleus nucleus directions.
Manuela Cavallaro: Are important to be well described. So as you can see here, these are the results that we probably should. The where we perform it. They're not only optical model, but also carpal tunnel.
Manuela Cavallaro: Calculation. So these are the results have been elastic and what we're doing with this Sunday for all the systems.
Manuela Cavallaro: These are results are very naughty still not published regarding the, the reaction on the double charge extend reaction on company.
Manuela Cavallaro: Target government hundred 16 target. And as you can see here we thanks to the to the higher resolution, we were able to distinguish in a transition to the ground setup and also to
Manuela Cavallaro: Measure the angle of distribution we measured the absolute perfection that that as you can see here is 12 and our partner integrated in these energy with angle you're not
Manuela Cavallaro: Showing the how challenging these these these job but to also do major Angola distribution.
Manuela Cavallaro: In the same condition as I mentioned, we also made sure that the two proud moment that the multilateral transfer
Manuela Cavallaro: In this case, in particular, we have to proton and neutron transfer channel here Miranda spectra typically specter of we obtain and in this case, what we need is to compare that is out there with the calculations.
Manuela Cavallaro: One step and segue inshallah cross section calculation. So we're using the different spectroscopy.
Manuela Cavallaro: Spectroscopic county to do we use a different model that's IBM should model and square PA and interesting
Manuela Cavallaro: Aspect of these is that we more or less within the the uncertainty in the due to them statistics are made in the
Manuela Cavallaro: In the experimental data, we were able to well described quite quite well that perfection. This framework to be able to describe the transfer channel.
Manuela Cavallaro: Is important, because then can be use it to predict terms. In contrast, the cross section.
Manuela Cavallaro: Leading to the same novel charge exchange channel for this day where experimental information is missing.
Manuela Cavallaro: For example, in this case, again, we are in the case of communal we measured the diagonal process of painting and the 12 the National
Manuela Cavallaro: Cross section. But what is their contribution you to all these so which means without showing here to talk about on the plus to me to transfer one proton one proton plus two new drummer to Pro Plus one.
Manuela Cavallaro: Plus one new domain so on. As you can see here, various house of the calculation, because in this case we don't have the experimental results of the full
Manuela Cavallaro: Route, but just on the first step, but there is also tell us that these contributions are, as you can see here
Manuela Cavallaro: Really negligible compared to the 12 now bottom of the diagonal across section. So there are numbers of the order of 10 to the minus 510 to the minus 610 to the minus four. So this means that the contribution coming to the transfer to the knowledge
Manuela Cavallaro: From the meeting can transfer is negligible. And so we can
Manuela Cavallaro: Be safe, let's say in a safe. Safe situation. We know that is the diagonal processor which is
Manuela Cavallaro: The most important of course also. These are working progress we have seen walking off. So studying and then the plane between a single charge exchange and then transfer and
Manuela Cavallaro: But anyway, the first result seems see many embark on the wedding day stinger. These are also many new one preliminary results regarding the double charged exchange reaction on the Monument 76
Manuela Cavallaro: Also, in this case, so you can see we can well separate to the transition to the ground state and the fascistic started state.
Manuela Cavallaro: And we measure under the absolute cross section 13. And I'm wondering the skis ended, please let us out of the opposite to that actual site. In this case, you have a deadline and becoming the seller and, you know,
Manuela Cavallaro: And in these other case you have the selling and becoming
Manuela Cavallaro: German 76 and often in this case, we have the end of the spectrum cross section and we updated our cross section of the 28
Manuela Cavallaro: Some nano barn. So this means that these are again out of 80 billion adding new results. But what we can
Manuela Cavallaro: Seems to be to be visible least that we obtain the same cross section for the two different directions. So, considering that you have a rockabilly same or similar
Manuela Cavallaro: distortion factor you have like a little five days off the of the fact that you have the timing violence in the newsletter matic say element which is what he suspected that
Manuela Cavallaro: Again, I want war and or have warning about the disease or just one gays and more accurate to the actual calculations are in progress, but this is very interesting.
Manuela Cavallaro: After these are needed down there to loom case in this case because sexual extracted from the grounds that these even smaller. The Observer dependence on the mass of the target. So increasing the mass of the dynamic to the cross section is that in us and them.
Manuela Cavallaro: This is a photo, what we have observed, but for from the experiment as you as you see the main limitation of these analyses of these experimenter is
Manuela Cavallaro: This below cross sections. So only few systems have been studying them that present condition new to their local sexual involvement, consider not each experiment in for with being my last one month 20 days or months or so right longest element. The end with the
Manuela Cavallaro: Men, the medical statistics. So the request is to have much higher been covering and
Manuela Cavallaro: A project to upgrade the LNS psychodrama passing from 101 to five to 10 the killer. Want to saw a big upgrade even an empowering intensity and also about the infrastructure has been recently from the nearby national brand. The
Manuela Cavallaro: Company from European fans and these will allow us to walk. We walk around marketing more intensive meeting.
Manuela Cavallaro: They say they're great over the cycle of trauma is based on the change of the instructional technology.
Manuela Cavallaro: Presently the instructional technologies major donor electrostatic attraction, who will go to a new extraction channel based device three finger.
Manuela Cavallaro: Which is expected to be very efficient turn this into these are processing these energy Jonah and mass of their audiences. So we expected to have a big increase thanks to these
Manuela Cavallaro: And here are these are the expected the beam intensities in the stable know you can see that the for the beam. So, which are expecting the for the new research to
Manuela Cavallaro: We expect to have an intensity of the order to the 13 particle percent on so far too high intensity, of course, then we should work and the work is not is doing. We are going to work to
Manuela Cavallaro: Maintain the quality of the beam of energy, spread the floor with a maximum 01 percent and is there. So,
Manuela Cavallaro: Much easier is not enough. Also, our detector, the money. Expect to meet them before girlfriend that actors should be upgraded to be able to be taller answer to these high and be managing the present the focal plane detector. My next, in fact, is based
Manuela Cavallaro: On our hybrid. It's a hybrid detector base and on
Manuela Cavallaro: A low pressure gas section with the proportional wide send it to Congress and then a wall of silicon detector is doing it mainly to jobs to task this pop up in the director, the one that is the
Manuela Cavallaro: Identification of the reactionary Tyler has shown you, you some slides before
Manuela Cavallaro: Which is a crucial aspect, especially when dealing with a heavy iron. So, and the other is a three dimensional tracking
Manuela Cavallaro: Of the of the parameters of the focal plane, this, or this means that position or example in their vehicle and he will have its own built in that article which that
Manuela Cavallaro: Then knows they're not a US and for the letter construction and so for recall better the information of the physical meaning, which means the momentum back to a practical yes the target.
Manuela Cavallaro: So this is a detector is want to marry very well, but it is limited. The on the rate of fuel kilohertz. This is mainly to do the presence of these longer proportional wide, sir, a long one meter practical you saw the project to upgrade the difficult thing to do is to
Manuela Cavallaro: Pass from few keno have rate to make a headset presenting the low pressure variation which is another characteristics of their
Manuela Cavallaro: Present the focal point detector which allows us to have very low threshold detection threshold and these will be done using
Manuela Cavallaro: The technology of the multi Baltic JAMA so an assembly of those seven of them and I mentor stuck together. Perfect. Gemma technology, as you probably know, are very nice.
Manuela Cavallaro: Tools to work with the higher end of the day, condemning particular to work in the condition of low pressure and also in heavy iron. So
Manuela Cavallaro: Here there is a picture of the prototype that we had to send our love boom and where we are doing the test with the first prototypes of the focal plane the deck teargas tracker.
Manuela Cavallaro: But this is not enough because of presently. We also have the silicon detector which had a problem no obligation harmless. So it is expected to have a pen to the 39 cents per centimeter square in the near side activity and silicon detector. So they
Manuela Cavallaro: Tend to the nine nine branded items per centimeter square we are meeting with a heavy iron, sir, not meaning my writing particle. So, the project is to pass to
Manuela Cavallaro: Telescopes and base it on a silicon carbide. Do we are starting to test the first prototype sauce. In this case, which are which are which have the same practical your energy, kind of a resolution and timing resolution on silicon detector about bed irrigation haha
Manuela Cavallaro: Yeah, that's our lender is regarding the targets, also in the time that we have
Manuela Cavallaro: Some challenges because I do as I say, the time data should be isotopic target of the material which is a gentleman selecting
Manuela Cavallaro: Which are of interest for an enormous number because the K, but there is a problem of the melting of these target and run a genre tolerance. So the project to ease to evaporate. These
Manuela Cavallaro: Kind of isotopic target on a substrate to made by highly recommended by early graphite which has a high tech market activity and then a
Manuela Cavallaro: Number of activities in progress to define these target technology. The other aspect that I got the ticket. So uniformity, because in order to maintain the good energy is awesome. The first show
Manuela Cavallaro: And since we are dealing with the heavy ions are struggling phenomena are quite important. We should be reassigning of operational technology that God and the also the uniformity.
Manuela Cavallaro: Of the tactical so I conclude, I conclude, saying that that is presented, you are challenging project novel charge exchange reaction which is an ongoing
Manuela Cavallaro: New physics, the results are coming up and the upgrade the other day NFL LNS cyclotron and mine expect to meter is also going and it will allow to be the unique facility.
Manuela Cavallaro: For a systematic exploration for all them fly candidate for Latino it's double beta decay. So there are a number of facilities in the world.
Manuela Cavallaro: Trying to look at the new teen or less double beta decay but practically not facilities are trying to do experiments on
Manuela Cavallaro: Information on the nuclear matic selling into which are also very important on the show you. Are they are they in one of the fastest lines of the stock.
Manuela Cavallaro: So this is a big opportunity not only for the new to this number beta decay community, but also for generally nuclear physics. And so in technology, look at it.
Manuela Cavallaro: And of course these high density beings facility up there in the funnel unless you will be available for all the interest in the users. So it is a
Manuela Cavallaro: big and important opportunity for them to the physics community. So that's all I thank you for your attention.
James Smallcombe: Thank you very much. I really great talk like really impressive stuff, but I'm not an expert. So hopefully, got some questions from some experts in this field.
James Smallcombe: So again, if you go to the participants menu. There's a little raised hand icon. Good question. I see a couple of digital claps, which is good going on.
James Smallcombe: So one very basic question about these silicon carbide. I've not come across this before they sound really good. Is there a drawback. Are they very expensive or should we all switched to using them.
Manuela Cavallaro: They're really drawback is that they are not to commit shut up to now. So we are doing now, right, the activity and being funded and what we are doing this too.
Manuela Cavallaro: Is almost complete to the receipt, let's say, to recipe. The recipe to to build them, then it will go to the Foundry and then we start the production. So yes, quite expensive but
Manuela Cavallaro: Not
Manuela Cavallaro: Not commercial. So he said, when I am offended. We have these are the program where we are developing good is a
Manuela Cavallaro: Detector. And so for the first year. So I think will be quite difficult to to provide the silicon detector, not as you can see I some of my block toggle at because he, as you can see, are very
Manuela Cavallaro: Very well. Working similar to the silicon detector. Right. So once the problem and connected with the manufacturing then saw the, the cost will be overcome. I think they will substitute radical in the silicon detector.
James Smallcombe: I mean, we don't have to replace your silicon detector every year they probably pay for themselves.
James Smallcombe: Okay, we got a fulfill it. Phil
Please.
Philip Adsley: Hello and thanks very much for that and
Philip Adsley: Hello, I have
Philip Adsley: More questions about detectors.
Philip Adsley: Which is, if you're going to megahertz rates, how do you
Philip Adsley: Does that mean that you're you're changing the data acquisition and the way that
Manuela Cavallaro: Yes, sure, sure. Yes, it will be based on digitized.
Manuela Cavallaro: Time subsidizer for sure the acquisition will be changing that. This is another of the items of our r&d activities in his ears.
Manuela Cavallaro: Okay. Okay, so
Philip Adsley: Do you know what the kind of rate that you can get with it at the moment.
Manuela Cavallaro: Yes, we are exploring kind of digitize that we are
Manuela Cavallaro: Always almost during commercial by kinda
Manuela Cavallaro: From Italy. No. Yes, I know the, the code is a V 2740 anyway, this should be the good we were testing them and we just
Manuela Cavallaro: These days we are completing our experimental activity would be when we tested these digitized, together with the beam and in our telescopes econ CC my telescope and the results are very good, of course, to test the high, very high rate to the zoo will need also had other
Manuela Cavallaro: People probably know
Yeah.
Philip Adsley: Okay, thank you.
Manuela Cavallaro: You're welcome.
James Smallcombe: All right. Now please go ahead with your question. Okay, thanks. Nice talk
Ragnar Stroberg: This is probably a
Ragnar Stroberg: Simple question that you may have answered mentioned missed it. So how does this selectively probe the zero neutrino decay, rather than the two neutrino decay, which also connects the same initial and final states.
Manuela Cavallaro: So can you repeat the hollies how the selectivity human
Ragnar Stroberg: Right, yeah. So how does this probe the zero know Trina mode, more than the two neutrino.
Manuela Cavallaro: More than a neutrino. Yes, yes. So in principle of what is
Manuela Cavallaro: What we measure is just the transition for initial to final say to. So, in principle, we cannot have access to the difference between your team, listen to people.
Manuela Cavallaro: But there is a reason, a number of reasons why we think about our process. It can have something in common with the neutrino SWAT K I mentioned in, for example, when I
Manuela Cavallaro: I shown all the least of difference in the similarities of. Let's see if I can recover faster. Yes, here.
Manuela Cavallaro: You see the factor for example of the larger linear momentum. I'll have it available in the digital intermediate Charlton and this is a common feature of a double charge exchange reaction. So, because you have the actual so you go to
Manuela Cavallaro: The immediate states with allowed to being a moment to transfer and the New Testament EJ in the two new team and I will take a look at the momentum available is a very small similarity to the single biggest decay, which is a different for from the double beta decay case.
Manuela Cavallaro: Also these off shell propagation to be pulling the media channels, something that we're seeing a senior more similar to the new
Manuela Cavallaro: Case anyway what we what I say those. So is that yes then contribution.
Manuela Cavallaro: To the final section are coming from different
Manuela Cavallaro: Reaction Mechanism, what is coming from. But for to do these of course we need the help of the theories, not from the experimental data that you can disentangle visa is that
Manuela Cavallaro: These new processor director process visa is a close to the neutrino. So while these two step process. Some is more close to the tutorial number
Okay. Yes. Thank you.
James Smallcombe: Do we have any other questions reminder that if you don't have a microphone. You're welcome to type them.
James Smallcombe: And anybody who is struggling with the raise hand button that's the point where I welcome you. Just to unmute yourself and go ahead
James Smallcombe: Don't see any other questions. So say thank you again for a great talk.
James Smallcombe: Thank you for coming. Yeah, just say
James Smallcombe: We announcement of the next talk. So if you come back on Monday again 3pm PST, I've got to talk from Caitlin cook of MS you on the halo structures of neutron drip line nucleus 19 boron.
James Smallcombe: So I hope some of you can join us then. So yes, one more. Thank you all for joining us. And thank you very much. Bye.
James Smallcombe: Bye for now.
Goodbye.