This appears as a single "file" per sort in the /dev/shm directory.
The shared memory space in Linux is allocated as a TMPFS filesystem,
which by default, is allocated half of the system RAM space.
This space can safely be increased (upto e.g. RAMsize - 50MB) by
a) edit /etc/fstab and add (e.g. for 500MBytes) size=500m option
to /dev/shm line
b) Debian: edit /etc/default/tmpfs, and add value to TMPFS_SIZE=
These objects are allocated dynamically to the process virtual address
space, and hence, in principle, more space can be allocated than
before.
There is now no inbuilt limit in the sort package.